As far as whether you can use an iPhone 3GS as it if were an iPod touch, I don't know the answer to that.
You'd pretty much be limited to
- Using it as a media player
- Using it as to browse the Internet at Wi-Fi hot spots (if their security settings allowed it, and if its old version of Safari could handle modern Web sites)
- Running apps that are already installed
You're not going to be using it as a platform for running new apps.
The iPhone 3GS has a 32-bit processor and cannot update to iOS 7 or higher. Even if you had a Wi-Fi connection, you might not be able to access the App Store – and if you were able to access the App Store, I don't believe that you'd find much if anything that would run on an iPhone 3GS in it. That phone and that version of iOS are too old, and app developers long ago moved on.