If it helps, here’s what I found to avoid getting upset and waiting for Apple to make a fix:
I don’t return any messages that come back with an error and I delete them. Then I go to the Filters/Deletes folder on my iPhone and completely delete all messages that were left there.
Then I deselect iMessages in the settings/App and restart the iPhone. After, I reselect iMessage in the settings/ App until you see 3 addresses (less or more). And finally, I no longer send voice messages with iMessages. it allows me to send without problem, text messages, photos, pdf files, etc...
As for voice messages, I send them with Whatsapp (not too much choice to do otherwise at the moment...).
You will see, normally, you won’t have any problems with sending texts and other files. Ah! I forgot, I did the same manipulations on my Mac Mini which has the same bug as the iPhone and Mac OS 15.5 did not improve things just like iOS 18.5. You’ll tell me what it’s like at home by taking my advice?
And yes, I agree with you: it’s amazing that the engineers at Apple do not find.