How can I retrieve my iCloud account without phone number?
I no longer have the previous phone and I can’t remember my password
[Re-Titled by Moderator]
iPhone 14 Plus
One way is to try Email verification, if your Apple ID is linked to an email account, you may be able to reset your password through an email verification link.
Another way is to try using Account Recovery, go to Apple's Account Recovery and enter your Apple ID. Follow the instructions to request account recovery. This process may take some time.
I recommend looking at this article if this didn't help you:
How to use account recovery when you can’t reset your Apple Account password - Apple Support