It may be possible that Apple tweaked some of the audio handling, possibly in relation to hearing protection or spatial audio normalization, and it's causing exactly what you’re hearing: lower max volume even with no volume limit enabled.
Before contacting Apple Support directly, I suggest that you try the following to see if any of them can help:
- Try disabling "Headphone Safety" again, just to be sure.
- Try resetting the Bluetooth connection between the Beats and the phone. Start by "forgetting" the Beats in Settings > Bluetooth, and then, re-pair them with your phone.
- If enabled, temporarily disable "Spatial Audio / Head Tracking."
- Go to Settings > Bluetooth > Beats Fit Pro > Spatial Audio
- Turn off Spatial Audio and Head Tracking
- Check the EQ settings to see if this helps:
* Go to Settings > Music > EQ
* Set it to Off or try Late Night
- Finally, check mono/stereo setting in Settings > Audio/Visual to make sure both Mono Audio is disabled and the Balance is centered.