Wondering if the tips in Apple Support's online article (link below) can help:
(Eg: not all cables can transfer data ... card reader needs to be compatible with iPhone's iOS ... etc.)
See: Connect external storage devices to iPhone - Apple Support
Eg: says:
"Attach the USB drive or SD card reader to the charging port on your iPhone using a compatible connector or adapter. You may need the Lightning to USB Camera Adapter, Lightning to USB 3 Camera Adapter, USB-C to SD Card Camera Reader, or Lightning to SD Card Camera Reader (all sold separately).
Note: An external storage device must have only a single data partition, and it must be formatted as APFS, APFS (encrypted), macOS Extended (HFS+), exFAT (FAT64), FAT32, or FAT. To change the formatting of a storage
device, use the Files app or a Mac or PC."
There's more info. in the above linked article.