Yes, I can believe that 1Gb of cellular data was consumed in less than a day.
I'm using a prepaid MVNO in the Verizon family, so I actively monitor minutes, texts, and cellular data.
I have also experienced large amounts of cellular data consumed in a short period of time on my Apple-refurbished iPhone 15 Pro, activated in mid May 2025. I do iOS and App updates (18.5 and now 18.6) exclusively on WiFi.
I suspect Apple Intelligence is using large amounts of cellular data on my iPhone 15 Pro. My prior iPhone, a 12 Pro, did not have Apple Intelligence capability.
On several occasions, my iPhone 15 Pro used over 500MB (.59Gb as illustrated below) data within in a few hours when the phone was on, but not in use. I have cross-checked iPhone Cellular Data usage with screenshots of my mobile account statistics from the provider account page.

To view the amount of cellular data used, go to Settings, Cellular, then scroll down to the Cellular Data, Current Period, System Services.
In my case, under System Services, General displays more than 4Gb of data used over a period two months, when my typical cellular data usage prior to Apple Intelligence in the neighborhood of 150-250Mb per month.
There is no specific data category for Apple Intellligence, so I suspect that Apple Intelligence usage is included in General.
My temporary solution is to turn off turn off Apple Intelligence. I've also turned off Cellular Data when I have WiFi available. I can still make and receive cellular calls even when Cellular Data is turned off, but visual voicemail only displays transcripts when Cellular data is on.
Yes, I could be entirely wrong. There may indeed be other logical explanations.
I suspect that very few smartphone users even monitor call, text or cellular data usage because most smartphone users now have 'unlimited-everything' monthly plans, where it truly doesn't matter.