Scenario: USB-C (USB 3.*) SSD.
If your SSD speaks some flavor of USB 3, the way to attach it to your MacBook Air would be with a USB-C to USB-A adapter cable. You'd plug the SSD into one of your USB-A ports. You would want an adapter that is rated for at least USB 3.0 speeds. (Since the MacBook Air's USB-A ports run at USB 3.0 speeds, that would be the maximum you could expect even if the SSD and the adapter could both run faster.)
Scenario: Thunderbolt 3 SSD
If you have a Thunderbolt 3 SSD, you might be able to get things to work, but only if you purchased a Thunderbolt 3 dock with its own power supply. You would use the Apple Thunderbolt 3-to-2 adapter to connect that powered dock to the Thunderbolt 2 port on your Mac, then plug the SSD into a Thunderbolt 3 port on the dock.
This would be very expensive and you would still be limited to Thunderbolt 2 data transfer rates – so if this is the situation you are in, you might want to consider just getting a USB-A / SATA or USB-C (USB 3.*) / NVMe SSD that you can attach to one of your USB-A ports.
Scenario: USB4, Thunderbolt 4, or Thunderbolt 5 SSD.
If your SSD only speaks one of these protocols, get another SSD. Intel-based Macs predate USB4, and backwards compatibility rules for Thunderbolt 4 and 5 preclude using Thunderbolt 4 and 5 accessories with hosts that do not have USB-C-based Thunderbolt ports.