Can I change my compromised Apple Account and keep the same phone number?

I don't see the need for creating a new account. It's easy to change your password and ensure security on your devices—see below. Transferring content from one account to another isn't 100% possible and is certainly a lot of trouble.

Read this document if you think your Apple Account has been compromised. --> If you think your Apple Account has been compromised - Apple Support

For iOS 15 or earlier, if you want to see if anyone else has access to your device or accounts, click here --> Checklist 1: Limit device and account access - Apple Support

For iOS 16 or later see how Safety Check on iPhone works to keep you safe. Safety Check for an iPhone with iOS 16 or later - Apple Support

Use the information in this document to check your Apple ID device list to find where you're signed in --> Check your Apple Account device list to find where you’re signed in - Apple Support

Related materials:

Personal Safety User Guide

Personal Safety User Guide - Apple Support

> open the Table of Contents and review the articles

A document with general information about security and your Apple ID --> Security and your Apple Account - Apple Support

Contact Apple for help with Apple ID account security. This page provides country-specific Apple Support contact information ➞ Contact Apple Support - Apple Support

Apple doesn't really say anything about re-using a phone number or using one with multiple accounts. I would think it would be possible since not everybody in the world has their own phone number. Families might only have a few numbers and share between some people. All I know is that sometimes people post here about problems using a number that has been used previously.

What are the issues you are having with the current Apple Account, what steps have you already taken, and what happened?

I ask this as the steps necessary to secure and maintain an existing Apple Account are less effort than the same steps needed to secure and maintain a new Apple account combined with the effort and overhead of the data migration.