What you’re seeing does not mean your Apple ID is compromised, and it is not a phishing screen. Although it looks alarming, this behavior is a known issue with Apple Notes sharing and Apple’s authentication flow.
When someone shares a locked or private Apple Note, Apple may authenticate the share using the note owner’s Apple ID security methods, not the recipient’s. As a result, the first screen correctly displays your Apple ID email, but the next screen shows phone numbers that do not belong to you. Those numbers are associated with the person who owns the note. This happens because encrypted Notes are tied to the owner’s end-to-end encryption keys, so Apple references the owner’s trusted devices or phone numbers during verification, even though you are the one accepting the share. It’s confusing, but it’s due to Apple’s design rather than an account problem.
The reason your troubleshooting steps didn’t change anything is because this isn’t caused by browser caching, device issues, or multiple accounts being logged in. Trying different browsers, devices, or private windows won’t resolve it, because the authentication behavior is controlled by Apple’s backend and the way the note itself is shared.
To fix the issue, the note owner needs to take action. Your friend should try unlocking the note before sharing it again, as locked notes are the most likely to trigger this behavior. They can also remove you from the share and re-add you, or share the note directly from the Notes app on iOS or macOS instead of using a copied link. If the problem persists, duplicating the note and sharing the copy usually resolves it.
You should not select or attempt to verify using any of the phone numbers shown on that screen. Those verification options are not meant for you, and proceeding with them would not be appropriate.
In short, your Apple ID is safe, this is not a phishing attempt, and nothing is wrong with your account. It’s an Apple Notes sharing quirk, and the resolution has to be done by the person who owns the note rather than by you.