The image capture dates are contained in the metadata that comes along with the picture files. File managers like Finder don't pay attention to that, but Image managers like Photos use the metadata for the dates it shows.
It may be that your recovery method stripped the metadata-- this is common for systems that try to maintain your privacy when you share pictures. If you can find the original picture files, then you can import them into Photos, and they should have the dates.
Another possibility is that the restoration process didn't go through a normal import routine and save the metadata to the database, so the database just didn't get the information.
You can check the pictures you have, if you want, by exporting some using "File>Export>Export Unmodified Originals." Then you can use the handy and free(!) ExifReader Tool app to read the metadata on those pictures. It looks like this:

You can see the File Date at the top, and the Create Date further down. So you should see if your Originals have that metadata intact.
I'm curious how you restored the pictures, and if they have the metadata…