Can’t sync iCloud. Not sure how to proceed.

To add a little more information on why that happened:

• Every time you restart your phone, it will ask for the Passcode. That is normal and Face ID is only used as a convenience, but there are times such as a restart where the Passcode is required.
• Some data such as Health and Passwords is end to end encrypted using the Passcode as the key. If you don't know that Passcode, the only option is to continue syncing by first erasing the end to end encrypted data already stored in iCloud. You should have been given the option to erase the iCloud data in Settings that shows a red exclamation point and tapping "Don't know Passcode". It is only the end to end encrypted data that is deleted in iCloud and syncing will continue again with the data that is on your phone.
• You are correct that Apple has no idea what the Passcode was in order to remove the encryption and that is the point of securing that sensitive information through end to end encryption.
• It is not required to create a new Apple Account in that situation, but as you found out it will work by syncing your phone data to iCloud using the new Passcode.

“Can’t sync iCloud. Not sure how to proceed.: […]Now after restoring my phone via a pc with apple devices. I setup my phone up again properly, but I can’t sync my icloud data because it first asks for my current pin and then asks for the old one. I can’t proceed and it offers no help other than try again later.“

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Sign Out of iCloud, and then Factory Reset :

What happens when you sign out of your Apple Account on your iPhone(Go to: Settings > Name (top item) > Sign Out (very bottom), and then Factory Reset your iPhone? See if it asks you for a the new PIN. Give it a few hours before you do so. Then, factory reset your iPhone to get it to the Welcome Screen. Go Here: How to Factory Reset your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support

Ok. So after thinking about how I was having issues also Sharing my location. I decided to look for other posts about that and found that there was no solution to that either even with tech-support or other stores. So the only thing closest to a solution I could find , was to create a new iCloud account and now everything is synced, and I kept the data on my phone and just merged it to the new account. That’s also why I’m no longer the author of this post.

I see. Thanks!