New Apple ID sign-in stuck, 2FA missing

Refer to this page for Apple Support features ➔ https://support.apple.com/contact

Select from the presented options until you find a solution for your issue, or see if there is a chat or phone call contact method offered lower on the page under “Get more help” (you sometimes have to narrow down the options multiple times before this is shown). If you do not see your issue, keep experimenting with any series of selections until you reach one that offers a chat session or a telephone call and get the representative to redirect you.

This support article has various country telephone numbers for contacting Apple for support and service ➔ https://support.apple.com/106932 Scroll down to “Connect with live support”. If your country is not in the list, go to the “Other countries” entry at the end of the list and click on the “options” link. Not every country has telephone support, and phone numbers may only work when calling from the same country.

For chat, you can try using the Apple Support App —> https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-support/id1130498044

For chat help with a USA Apple Account —>

https://getsupport.apple.com/?caller=kbase&PGF=PGF63005&category_id=SC0998&symptom_id=20198

Two-factor authentication for Apple ID - https://support.apple.com/HT204915

Did you enter a trusted telephone number? Apple will only send a code to a trusted device if it is an Apple device.

Based on: https://support.apple.com/102606

A code is sent automatically first to your trusted devices (some other Apple computer or Apple mobile device signed in with your account). If you have a trusted device running iOS11 (or iPadOS) and later, macOS 10.13 (High Sierra) and later, or watchOS 4 and later, the verification code is displayed automatically on your trusted devices.

If you don’t have a trusted device handy, you can choose to have a verification code sent to your trusted phone number as a text message or phone call.

1. Select “Didn’t Get a Code?” or “Can’t get to your devices?” on the verification code screen.

2. Choose a telephone number for where to receive a code.

3. You'll get a text message or phone call from Apple with your verification code. This text message might include an additional domain validation line. This line includes the @ symbol, the website name, and your code (for example: @icloud.com #123456 %apple.com).

4. Enter the code on your other device to complete sign in.

It is a good idea to have more than one trusted number.

If you had set up a recovery contact, read https://support.apple.com/HT212515

I haven't set up an account in 20+ years but I am pretty sure there must have been a trusted something stage because Apple absolutely requires that all new accounts use two-factor authentication unless your are not in one of the countries listed here --> https://support.apple.com/HT205075

If you are not then I don't know what Apple uses for those accounts unless it is two-step authentication or even security questions (Apple doesn't even talk about those any longer).

I am wondering if the issue is setting this up on an Android device. I don't have one of those so I have zero familiarity with the procedure there.

How are you trying to sign in now? On what device? Have you tried using a web browser and signing into iCloud.com? What do you see when you try that?