Can I hover to reveal email addresses or URLs on an iPhone 17 Pro for safer browsing?

I understand what you want to do... obviously there is no such thing as hover with an iPhone. You can tap and hold a link then choose Copy Link from the contextual menu, and then paste it into something readable like Notes. But will the readable URL be useful to you? A malicious website URL could easily be www.cute-kitten.com or something.

It's ok to be suspicious, but I humbly suggest your concern is misplaced. Opening a link or an email address cannot do anything other than load a webpage or the Mail app (respectively). Neither one of those actions can possibly result in anything harmful.

You're recovering from years of using Windows. Understandable. The extant threats today rely upon fear and deception. Unlike iPhones, people are easily hackable, and education is the only effective defense.

Effective defenses against malware and other threats - Apple Community

Suspicious alerts? They are all scams. Every. Single. One. Ignore them all.

Phony "tech support" / "ransomware" popups and web pages - Apple Community

Scam Pop-ups, Scam Viruses, Scam Receipts, Scam Purchase - Apple Community

Virus Warning! What to do! - Apple Community

Enjoy your iPhone!