If it happens in specific places or areas, and the same places every time, it is almost certainly microwave interference→Resolve Wi-Fi and Bluetooth issues caused by wireless interference - Apple Support. The frequency range used by Bluetooth is in an unlicensed band, and is also included in S band (2 to 4 GHz) radar. Uses include airport surveillance radar, air traffic control radar, surface ship radar, weather radar and ground penetrating radar. So if you are near an airport, body of water when larger boats and ships are present or you are near weather stations that is a likely cause. Bluetooth’s 2.4 GHz is right in the middle of S band.
If you have other BlueTooth or radio communications devices (such as walkie-talkies) in range but not connected they can also interfere with BlueTooth.
Less likely, but possible, do you have a 3rd party VPN installed on your iPhone, even if you are not using it? If so, delete the VPN profile in Settings/General/VPN & Device Management/VPN, then restart your device. Don't just turn it off; delete the profile. Updates sometimes "break" VPN, and it needs to be removed. If that fixes it, you can try reinstalling VPN, but probably shouldn't.