Since your MacBook Air uses Apple silicon (such as M1, M2, M3, or M4), the issue is less likely to be related to older Intel audio drivers. Given that it started after the macOS 26.5 update, the most likely causes are a WhatsApp compatibility issue, a changed microphone permission setting, or a macOS audio service problem.
How many times has the computer been restarted since Tahoe 26.5 was installed ?
NOTE >> The latest version of macOS is 26.5.2. Learn how to update the software on your Mac and how to allow important background updates
Open System Settings >> Sound >> Input and confirm that MacBook Air Microphone is selected. Speak and check whether the input level moves smoothly.
Open Voice Memos and make a short recording. If the recording also sounds robotic, the problem is with macOS or the microphone system. If the recording sounds normal, the issue is likely limited to WhatsApp.
Go to System Settings >> Privacy & Security >> Microphone. Turn WhatsApp microphone access off, restart the Mac, then turn microphone access on again.
Fully quit WhatsApp using Command + Q, restart your Mac, and test another call.
Restart the macOS audio service by opening Terminal and running sudo killall coreaudiod
Then enter your password if requested and test WhatsApp again.
If the problem only happens in WhatsApp and your Voice Memos recording is clear, I would suspect a WhatsApp update compatibility problem with macOS 26.5 rather than a hardware failure.
One more thing to check: during a WhatsApp call, does the microphone indicator appear in the macOS menu bar, and does it show WhatsApp accessing the microphone?