Charging Iphone through Magsafe

Yes, you can safely charge your iPhone using MagSafe as needed. However, if the charging port is damaged or defective, repair is strongly recommended.

Should you need to reset your iPad, or perform a system recovery, the charging port may need to be used. Without a working charging port, you may encounter a situation from which you cannot recover. Similarly, should you even wish to trade-in your iPhone, unless repaired, its potential value will be significantly reduced, potentially to nothing.

You would be well advised to visit the Genius Bar at your local Apple Store or Apple Authorised Service Provider (AASP) - where the technicians will be able to assess your iPhone and you can explore your available options:

Genius Bar Reservation and Apple Support Options - Apple

Apple also has a mail-in repair service:

Apple Service and Repair for iPhone - Apple Support

In that case, I would use the Apple MagSafe charger, just to be sure, that the accessory is working correctly.

How to use your MagSafe Charger with iPhone - Apple Support

You might get an issue, if you will have to set your iPhone back to factory settings, using a computer and your Lighting port is not working, due to the potential liquid damage.

Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod to factory settings using a computer - Apple Support

Maybe you should also get the iPhone diagnosed by visiting an Authorized Apple Service Provider next to your place.

Apple - Find Locations