The safest approach is to stop copying important footage until you can establish where the problem occurs.
Copy one large file from the camera card to the Mac’s internal SSD, then check its size and confirm that it opens correctly.
If that works, copy the same file from the SSD to the external drive and check it again.
Also check the external drive with Disk Utility >> View >> Show All Devices, then run First Aid on the volume, container and physical drive.
Apple recommends this sequence. How to repair a Mac storage device with Disk Utility
Check the external drive’s format with Finder >> Command-I. Apple documents APFS, Mac OS Extended, ExFAT and FAT formats, with NTFS having limitations for writing from macOS.
If your Mac can't save files to an external drive
For testing, connect the camera-card reader and external drive directly to the Mac Studio rather than through a hub or dock, and try another cable or port if available. This is simply to eliminate connection variables during the test.
I would not erase or reformat the drives while investigating, particularly if they contain files you need.
Apple's current Disk Utility guide is specifically for macOS Tahoe:
Apple — Disk Utility User Guide for macOS Tahoe
Apple's instructions for repairing a storage device:
Apple — How to repair a Mac storage device with Disk Utility
Apple's guidance for problems saving to an external drive:
Apple — If your Mac can't save files to an external drive
The key diagnostic question is: does the 2 GB file remain intact when copied from the camera card to the Mac's internal SSD?
That result will determine what should be investigated next.