If Require password after screen saver begins or display is turned off is grayed out, one thing to check is whether iPhone Mirroring is set to authenticate automatically. Apple says that can prevent this setting from being changed.
If you mean signing in after actually restarting or shutting down the Mac, that’s a different setting under System Settings > Users & Groups > Automatically log in as. Automatic login won’t be available if FileVault is turned on.
I’d first confirm whether you’re being asked for the password after simply opening the lid, or only after a restart. That determines which setting is involved.