Как восстановить Apple ID без логина после потери телефона?

Those numbers you mention are only for the iPhone itself, and don't have anything to do with your Apple Account. In any case, Apple does not use those numbers to help with either account or device recovery.

This article tells you the various ways you can try to discover your forgotten Apple ID --> If you forgot your Apple Account primary email address or phone number - Apple Support Typically an Apple ID is an email address you have used. If you are currently using a mobile device that is logged into your account, go to Settings and tap your name at the top. Look in Keychain, and in a browser's security settings if you use it to automatically sign into Apple when using a browser.

This article outlines what to do If you forgot your Apple ID password --> If you forgot your Apple Account password - Apple Support

or go directly to this link --> http://iforgot.apple.com

If you find you can’t sign in, reset your password, or receive verification codes, you can request account recovery (read this support article: How to use account recovery when you can’t reset your Apple Account password - Apple Support ) to regain access to your account. Account recovery might take a few days or longer, depending on the specific account information you can provide to verify your identity. More detail in —> Activation Lockout Issues - Apple Community

If you still need help this page provides country-specific Apple Support contact information ➞ Contact Apple Support - Apple Support

You can find your forgotten Apple account by visiting the Apple Account Recovery Page or checking other devices or email inboxes where you might still be signed in. 

If you need to enroll in account recovery please see this

https://support.apple.com/118574