Although some elements of the UI can be modified (light/dark theme, icon and widget style, etc.), you cannot change the elements of the UI that you mention.
For the battery percentage, you can choose to display the percentage or not, but if you do it will display inside the battery icon. This harmonizes the appearance with the iPhone and iPad. As an alternative, you can use 3rd party utilities instead.
Personally, I leave the Apple display off, and use iStat Menus to show the battery status and other system metrics in my Menu bar. You can see the menu bar icon as I've configured it, with a custom color for the charge state (green for full, orange for changing, yellow for discharging, red for low); where it shows Full now it would show a time to full charge or a time to empty estimate if charging or on battery. Clicking on the menu bar icon gives additional data about the battery.

As for the Mail icon, you cannot change the color of the default icon. The Golden Gate icon isn't 'bluer' but it lacks the gradient of the Tahoe icon, which is a lighter blue at the top but actually a darker blue at the bottom. Tahoe is on top here:

You can alter the overall icon appearance in System Settings > Appearance. The Dark setting makes the blue part of the Mail icon black.

More info: Change Appearance settings on Mac – Apple Support
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