I did a more scientific test and used a power meter to measure current draw when charging.
The iPhone limits itself to using only 1 amp (5 watts) regarless if it's connected to a higher capacity adapter like the iPad 10 W or 12 W.
When the iPhone is rapid charging, it will use 0.93 amps with the screen off and 1.03 amps with the screen on (it draws an additional 0.10 amps to power the phone and doesn't reduce the power to charging the battery.) It uses the exact same amount of power when using the iPhone adapter and iPad adapters. Also note that this means the iPhone doesn't seem to charge any faster or slower if you are using it or if the screen is off. Using the phone doesn't reduce the charging rate if .10 A is enough to power the phone.
The iPhone rapdid charges using 0.93 amps below 80%. Above 80% it gradually reduces the power and subsequently charging rate (almost linearly) as it increases to 100%. Once fully charged it stops charging. Also be aware that the display will show 100% at about 97% actual battery charge so it may appear to continue charging for a long time while reading 100% before you see the icon switch to a plug (from a lightning battery.) It's not overcharging, it's just trickle charging the last few percent and it's slow.
I used this power meter I got off of Amazon.com
http://www.amazon.com/Centech-USB-Power-Meter/dp/B00DAR4ITE
I actually also cut open a cable and used an actual digital multimeter until I found this USB meter (and got the same results.)