iPad WiFi works only with WPA/TKIP, not WPA2/AES
The protocol to the rescue was WPA/TKIP, curiously enough. (When security is completely disabled ("Open"), the iPad also connects, perhaps expectedly.) The culprit is WPA2/AES (even AES+TKIP). Any iteration of WPA2/AES ends up blocking the iPad from getting the appropriate IP address via DHCP. Once I changed to WPA/TKIP, everything's been rock-solid and fast.
(The only times WPA2/AES worked was when the iPad was first used for a couple days, and a couple days after switching back to WPA2/AES when it started working with WPA/TKIP. Since then, switching back to WPA2/AES no longer works, even temporarily.)
Any idea why initially WPA2/AES worked, and then suddenly stopped?
iPad 64GB 3G, iOS 4, iPhone (iOS 3.1.2), iMac SE (OS X 10.4)