Dustin Hansen wrote:
I think this must be displayed only once, the first time a user performs a backup?
Correct. This is what is displayed:
She performed the backup. And now she can't restore this backup - which she JUST MADE - because it's asking her for a passcode. She has no recollection of ever entering a passcode for her backups. Perhaps she did create one - several years ago. Who knows. Point being: the user should be told when creating a backup that the backup will be locked.
She must have, because that's the only way an encrypted backup can be made.
And, again, it should also be made very clear that this password will be the same forever - which is kind of weird, when you think about it - and can never be changed in the future, or recovered if you forget it. Again, each time a backup is made, it would be better to remind the user about this and ask if they would like to create a new password.
Well, if you think about what the password actually is - it is not a "password" in the usual sense. It is the encryption key for the backup. As a result, it isn't saved anywhere, unless you check "Remember this password in my keychain" when you first set it. As it isn't saved anywhere, there is no way to change it unless you know the password. And no way to recover it, for the same reason. In general cybersecurity protocols specify that no password should ever be recoverable. If you access a site that can tell you what your password was you should cease using that site, as any hacker worth her salt can steal your password.
You CAN change it anytime you want to by clicking the Change Password button, or remove it by unchecking the "Encrypt..." prompt, but again, only if you know the current password:
The reason for all of this security is because it means that no one, not Apple, not a hacker, not someone who stole your phone, not law enforcement, not your ex's lawyer, can recover the contents of your phone or its backup. If there were any way to access the backup or change its password without knowing it all of these people would be able to hack the backup or get a court order to recover the information.
There is one professional tool that can recover the password if you are not in the habit of using strong passwords. I'm not allowed to post a link to it, but it shouldn't be hard to find. It isn't cheap, however, because its target market is law enforcement.
If you are in the habit of reusing passwords, you can start going through them one by one and you will probably be able to guess it. Many people have found that it was an old Apple ID password, or screen unlock password, or domain login password. To speed up the process uncheck "Encrypt password" and you will be prompted immediately, and you get unlimited guesses.
And if you can't the workaround is to use iCloud for your backups. They don't require a password, and they are encrypted.
ADDENDUM: Apple does provide information in the manual and in the knowledge base: About encrypted backups in iTunes - Apple Support
In this tip it says:
There is no way to recover your information or turn off Encrypt Backup if you lose or forget the password.
That probably should be in a more prominent place.