I just upgraded from Snow Leopard to Mavericks on Saturday and discovered this no sleep with lid closed and external monitor connected issue (one of many OS X annoyances/isssues post-Snow Leopard).
I cannot say if unchecking share printers was a factor, but I did that anyway. What did work was doing this:
--disconnect external monitor
--disconnect power cable
--run this line in Terminal: sudo nvram boot-args="iog=0x0"
--restart
--plug back in external monitor and power cable
After I did those steps I could now close the lid of my MacBook Pro (15" mid-2010) and everything would go to sleep as it did in Snow Leopard.
For those of you just accepting having to manually put everything to sleep, that is settling. OS X only continues to get worse, not better. The peak was OS X Tiger, after that changes for just change sake screwed up Spotlight, Expose, then Safari lost RSS, then iTunes lost Party Shuffle, not to mention crop getting screwed up in Aperture.
Anyway, at least if you are a power user and run Terminal you can get your MacBook to perform sleep like it should. It is preposterous to need to run Terminal for that function.