I know this post is old, but hopefully someone else having this issue will come across this and fix their problem.
I was having the same problem on my hard drive finder window, today after transferring an account from an older 10.6.8 mini via setup assistant to a new mini with 10.7.2.
Called on Apple Express Lane. Went through some of the same steps with the tech as are mentioned here. Nothing fixed it until I was told to restart the computer holding down the alt/option key. And it was not a complete fix by the end of the call. But I figured it out afterwards.
This allows you to access the recovery utility.
I am not on my 10.7.2 machine at the moment so I am working from memory here:
Restart while holding down the alt/option key.
Select recovery
When the screen comes up you will see a dialog box. Ignore that.
On the menu bar select utilities.
Select terminal. You may prompted to input your password.
type resetpassword (all lower case, one word, no spaces)
A new dialog box will open.
Ignore the password resetting info, you want to go straight to the bottom of the dialog box.
At the bottom there will be an option to reset home folder or ACL or some such wording.
Click reset and wait until the button says done (it will be greyed out when it says done).
Quit terminal and select restart from the file menu.
On restart you will still need to reenter your normal password, that was not changed in the process.
Now this is the part that the Apple tech forgot to mention or did not know: (thus an upcoming higher level tech call for tomorrow, because it didn't work at this point).
Once up and running again, right click in a blank space on the hard drive finder window and get info.
You should now see your account in the list (at the top in my case) also in the list will be system or fetching (if you have the fetching issue), wheel and everyone. Only system or fetching will show read/write. Everyone else will show read only.
Now unlock the padlock and select your account and change it to read/write and do not, I repeat, do not select the apply to enclosed items pull down. Once you have changed your account to read/write lock the padlock and close the info window.
You are done. You should be able to drag and drop files/folders back and forth from the finder window to the desktop or any place else without having to enter your password. You also won't have a file left behind in the finder window if you drag to the desktop. Before it would allow you to copy a file to the desktop, not move. Now it will be a move with nothing left on the finder window.
Hopefully this helps someone else.