Thomas, I have read through this entire post and continue to have, as best I can tell, the issue that Noliegator had when he started this post. Taking your point about multiple problems within a post, let me confirm that the problem I encountered just today is not being able to drag and drop files on my desktop to folders on my desktop, including the trash. When I create a new folder on my desktop, the Finder requires my password to move the file to the new folder as well.
I have tried several times the recommended fix to reset user folder permissions. I would observe that in my case there are 3 users: Myself, my wife, and Admin. When first arriving at the Utilities screen, the Reset button is grey and I have to select one of the 3 users in the drop down menu for the Reset button to go live. I performed reset for each of the users. When I restart, the issue persists. Repairing permissions also does nothing to correct the problem.
I can't tell if the User Folder permissions fix worked for Noliegator, but it did not for me. Perhaps I have missed other fixes suggested in this post involving chmod but it is not clear that they apply to Noliegator's orginial inquiry. If you have any thoughts at this point, I would be grateful.