Robert—
Welcome to the boards.
The way I understand things, the problem is not with Keynote, but with Apple's decision to go with straight Unicode support. In OS 9 and early OS X (because of its backward compatibility with OS 9), diacritical marks were just additions to characters (an accent was always printed a few pixels above whatever character you were trying to add it to). Full Unicode support means that a character is available only if a supported language from around the world uses that character. Until we physicists and physics teachers start our own country, we won't have a supported language, which means antiparticles won't be supported...sigh
But, there is a workaround. I use TeX FoG and Equation Service (both free and readily available on the internet) to typeset equations in Keynote. They're high end programs that work like Equation Editor in Office apps. You can use them to input formulas and special symbols. This has the benefit of treating them as objects, which can easily be moved and transfered from one presentation to the next (for commonly used equations/symbols). It's worked quite well for the number of years I've been using it in the classroom.
Damian