Hi,
In the iChat Menu, then Preferences chose the Accounts Pane
Then chose the Server Settings tab
Example

On this pic I have edited out the real Server name.
At the second red Arrow this account is using port 5222 and no SSL to login and Text chat.
If I was logged out of this account then that Text and Port would be Dark (Black) text and would be editable.
Some Jabber Accounts use SSL and iChat will automatically change the Jabber Port listing to 5223
Googletalk is one of these.
If the Mac Firewall is ON (System Preferences > Security > Firewall tab) and in the Advanced Button "Allow Signed Apps" is enables and iChat is in the list then the Firewall will allow iChat to receive incoming data.
Form there your computer is connected to the Internet.
This will involve a Modem.
If the Modem is a DSL model then it is likely to Route which is turn means you may have to set up the ports iChat needs there. (Meaning it is a router/Modem combined)
A cable modem generally does not route and those functions are taken up by a router if you use one.
A Router whether combined or standalone is generally set up using a web browser to access the Interface web pages.
One of the Methods of opening the ports needed is called Port Forwarding (although some devices do list other phrases such as Services)
Once these are entered they form part of a table.
Generally they list a IP address that those ports will work for.
That IP should be the IP of the computer
Example of a Linksys page.

Sorry it is blurry but you can make out each port is pointing to IP 192.168.1.100 (although only the top two are Enabled). The set of iChat ports listed are for iChat 2 and 3. (they will cover those used by iChat 4 and higher)
This listing of an IP restricts the use of those ports listed to that IP (Computer).
IF the router is doing DHCP to Issue IP addresses to the computers the IP that the computer has may change now and then - this will mean the ports listed will not be pointing to the Computer as it now has a different IP
Another method for opening ports is called UPnP (Universal Plug and Play)
This is simple Enable/Disable setting that allows the apps to tell the router to allow the ports it needs.
This also allows multiple computers to use the same ports.
It is fair to say that some brands of router (or Combined device) have UPnP enabled by default so you may never have had to make the settings.
Do you know if this has been done ?

8:39 PM Tuesday; September 13, 2011
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