Interesting that your router was the problem. For several months now I have been experiencing corrupt downloads on my home network and not just on the macs, also my windows pc's have the same problem when downloading from the itunes store.
I completely reinstalled my macs but the problem was still there, so I ended up calling the cable company as the problem was likely to be in the network. They have changed over the cable modem (Thomson TWG870U) for a Cisco one but the problem is still remains and the technician believed the cable connection was good.
Interestingly I noticed that the windows pc's also experience corruption on downloads but its not as obvious and they are more likely to succeed in downloading after several attempts than the apple computers. In particular I noticed in the Windows event viewer that large updates from Microsoft regularly fail and take several attempts. I tested this by manually downloading a Microsoft Service pack >400mb and it took seven tries before it succeeded.
This week I have 5 different Pc's all trying to download a movie from the Apple Store but all failing with error -50. Also my macbook air has been trying to download a 10mb update from the App Store for over 10 days but failing with the error (Hash Mismatch).
I have also tried downloading large files for my mac from several sites (e.g. Adobe, Symantec,etc) and the downloads are usually always corrupted (Checksum failed). In one case I downloaded the file 40 times before I had success.
Something is definitely going on as I have never experienced this type of error before and I am using several different varieties of pc/macs to access the internet and they all have similar problems.
Based on my discussions with a Networking expert, corrupted files are sometimes linked to the following problems:
* Faulty RAM
* Failing HD
* Failing NIC (Network Adapters) both local and in your ISP's infrastructure
* possible interference with the file through some points in the internet infrastructure
The problem fluctuates from week to week and most downloads resolve eventually but it is a really frustrating problem. Definitely the Apple computers have a worse time of it than the Windows pc's.
1 X Windows 7x64
2 X Windows Vista 32 laptops
1 Macbook Air (late 2008) 10.7.2
1 Mac Mini (10.7.2)
Cable provider is UPC 120mb downstream/10mb upstream