The picture I supplied is to show you what to reference on your laptop/desktop for the iOS incoming server info. This is what you will put in your iOS device. I presumed from what you've stated that this might have been the problem. Based on the information you've now provided for your first screen inputs, try this:
first screen inputs:
Name - yourname
Email - your icloud email
Password - your icloud password
Description - Something to identify it easily in your accounts list
second screen inputs:
IMAP
Incoming Mail Server
Host Name - p99-imap.mail.me.com (if that is what is listed in OSX)
User Name - Apple ID, i.e. xxxxx
Password - Apple ID password
Outgoing Mail Server
Host Name - your domain's SMTP server
User Name - your domain's user name (may be full email, may not...)
Password - your domain's password
When all this info is set it should create a new account. Then go back into the newly created account's settings and edit the account's "send from" email.
SETTINGS>MAIL,CONTACTS,CALENDAR>ACCOUNTS>THE NEW ACCOUNT
Click on the email address next to "Account," under IMAP & edit the "IMAP Account Information," 2nd field down to read the email address you want to "send from."