No, I'm not wrong with my analogy. I'm dead spot on. Incandescent light is not white light through a yellow filter. It's white light. It's just a different temperature light. Warmer light sources look yellow depending on how bright they burn. But look at a 300W bulb and tell me what color it is. And the sun? It looks yellow in my 3 yo son's drawings, but it's as white as white can be, yet a much cooler light source than a light bulb. So here we have two different temperatures of light reflected (admittedly) off "white" paper (which itself has cool or warm characteristics). Side by side, they appear different colors, relatively.
What you're talking about filtered light that absorbs part of the light spectrum so that only yellow (or whatever the filter color) light is passing through. So of course in your case, nothing would ever appear white, because there's only yellow. If what you're saying were correct, we would never perceive the color white from a desk lamp. But we do, because it's all there.
My analogy and explanation holds true for reflected light on paper as well as emitted light from a screen (albeit in an opposite fashion, additive vs subtractive). Computer monitors emit red, green and blue light balanced for a particular point in what we consider, subjectively, white light. Change that balance, and you get a different cast. A monitor with a yellowish cast isn't yellow because of filtration, but rather because it's balanced differently than a blue monitor. You may think it's nowhere near correct if it's far enough off balance, but that doesn't mean it's defective. Particularly when held beside a screen that's unbalanced in the opposite direction, the effect will be exaggerated. So people start to say it's yellow, which it is, relatively.
What we're seeing with the possibly defective iPhones is most likely, in most cases, a differently balanced white. But like I said, given the choice between warm white and cool white, most people claim the cool white is "whiter".