OK, clearly, the standby time is NOT what it implies, but rather 'Time since last full charge'.
And everyone with a smartphone should understand that the phone is always 'doing something'. It checks for incoming calls, checks for contact with the cell, checks to see if you have alarms (each minute), checks to see if you have reminders set by time, and/or location (if location is on), and does other things typical for computers, such as memory management, updates the clock, etc. Exactly what increments this time counting for 'usage' is pretty hard to define. All of this takes CPU action, so it eats some battery power.
Those who have usage numbers equal to their standby numbers should consider having someone check the phone for tasks running in the background that shouldn't be there. My usage numbers are reasonable, given the time I actually have the phone in use in some way, and the aforementioned basic functions. Really high usage numbers should be suspect.
Not all 4S phones have a problem with battery life. It may be that there was a bad run of some chip in the phones, or some other 'production run' problem. Nailing it down may take some time. I am just happy I am not one of the 'victims'. Note that the 4S is not the only smartphone with battery life complaints, the Galaxy Nexus has a problem as well.