I found this thread because my wife's work iMac was exhibiting issues from a corrupted file system to kernel panics.
I have to agree with etreesoft. If an application (e.g. Word) can corrupt the file system, then the bug is with the file system (i.e. Apple). The file system is maintained inside the kernel and user applications have to access the file system via the kernel.
That said, it does not help epollari. I understand your frustration about what appears to be gremlins. I finally convinced my wife to get an external drive and start using Time Machine a few months ago. A couple of weeks ago, she starts getting warnings to rebuild her Outlook database. It reached a point about 10 days ago when it would hang on reboot.
She brought it home and I reinstalled from her Time Machine. I then logged into her account and would rebuild the database and then start Outlook. I would then check the file system with Disk Utility and all was well. I repeated with a few more apps and eventually the file system would show corruption. I would reboot into recovery mode and repair if possible and restore if not.
At one point, I had just logged into her newly reinstalled system and before I could do anything, the kernel panicked. When this happened, I assumed it was a hardware issue. I contacted Apple and discussed this with an agent. They felt it was the hard drive failing, but I was not sure. The SMART stats did not indicate any errors other than a possible over-heat warning.
The Apple repair contractor replaced the hard drive and started the reinstall and left my wife's office. The reinstall never completed. It would download and fail verification. Suspecting bad RAM, I created a memtest86+ CD and had my wife run it on the iMac. The test normally takes 30-60 minutes and show show no errors. Within three minutes, it reported 45,000+ errors.
Memory tests cannot distinguish errors between the actual RAM modules, the RAM connectors on the motherboard, and the CPUs' caches. The cheapest steps are:
1. Reseat the RAM modules
2. Replace the RAM modules
3. Replace the CPUs
4. Replace the motherboard
After each step above, you need to reboot and rerun memtest86+.
In my wife's case, Apple replaced the RAM modules (all four) and it now seems okay (I am writing this from her machine).
The downside is that while the bad memory was in place it was corrupting not only the internal file system, but also the external hard drive's file system. I think I got a good version from Time Machine, but we have no way of knowing. After restoring from the Time Machine, we can no longer see the old backups. Hopefully, we will never need them.
I wish that Apple would include the old hardware test suite in the restore partition, but they don't. You can download memtest86+ ISOs at:
http://www.memtest.org/#downiso
and then burn it to a CD using Disk Utility. It is a free app and works with Mac OSX with Intel CPUs (unlike the original memtest86). To boot the CD, restart and hold down the Alt/Option key after you hear the bong. It will show up as a Windows CD. Simply select it and it will start the testing.
I hope this helps.