AT&T just recently came out with a firmware update for the NVG510. However, it does NOT fix the DNS issues.
Again, this is not an issue with Apple's products, though AT&T is telling many people that. The NVG510 is broken, and AT&T has been aware of multiple issues since before November 2011.
The recent firmware update fixed problems some people were having with a version of VPN called PPTP. This is typically used by people to connect to their work computers from home. If your VPN uses the version called IPSec, that worked fine; and PPTP now works fine if you received the firmware update.
DNS stands for Domain Name Service or Servers. It acts like a phone book. Every computer on the Internet (or any network) has a numbered address so it can send and receive messages to/from other computers. DNS servers contain a listing matching the number ('IP') addresses to name addresses that real people can understand and remember. When you type something like 'apple.com' into your browser, that name is sent to the DNS, which switches it to the number address so your request can be sent to the right location. The numbers that have been noted in this thread are addresses to get to the DNS servers in the first place to do that name/number lookup.
The NVG510 intermittently does not complete the connection to the DNS servers provided by AT&T. The servers themselves have nothing wrong with them; they're just not getting the message from the NVG510. Web pages now often have parts connected to different web servers, so you might get part of a web page, but not other parts, or you may get no pages at all, or it may just appear to be very slow.
Putting the numbers for any DNS servers, including the ones that show normally on the NVG510's status page, into your computer itself overrides the NVG510 and allows your computer to connect to those servers to get the name and address information instead of having to rely on the NVG510.
Finally, yes, DSL and Uverse are two different things. In the end, they look the same because they both allow you to get onto the web and surf to your heart's content. However, the way they do this, and thus the modems they require to do it, are very different. A DSL modem won't work on Uverse, and a Uverse modem won't work on DSL. So, at this point, we have a very limited selection of alternatives in modem/routers (or "residential gateways" as AT&T calls them) for use with Uverse.
If the only problem you're having is with the DNS, adding the numbers to each of your devices (computers, iPads, iPods, iPhones, or whatever non-Apple devices you have) is an easy fix. If you're having other problems, then switching back to DSL until AT&T gets their Uverse modems working properly may be a better option. If, like me, you don't have the option to switch, then we'll continue to look for workarounds to make Uverse modems meet our needs.