Well i tried everything in this thread and everywhere else i could find. Had the red light. Headphones did not work, blowing didn't work, toothpick, q-tip, pin, one post even suggested wd-40, that didn't work. I even ordered a new audio jack and replaced it and that didn't work. Tried disabling the digital out that someone posted near the end of page 2 and no dice. What finally worked was my old iphone water damage repair trick.
Here are the steps:
1) Remove the mainboard by following this guide: (used this when i replaced the jack)
https://www.ifixit.com/Guide/MacBook+Pro+15-Inch+Retina+Display+Mid+2012+Headpho ne+Jack+Replacement/9732
2) check board for signs of corrosion, mine had some by the speaker connector and where the headphone jack plugged into the main board
3) submerge the board in 99% Isopropanol rubbing alcohol for 15-30 minutes.
4) using a toothbrush and q-tips scrub the area of the main board
5) use a can of air to dry
6) reassemble
Bam! it worked.
Do not do this if you still have warranty, take it to the nice folks at the apple store as i imagine this will void it.
Also if you have a water damaged iphone this will work as well. Just pull out the main board, soak and scrub the crap out of it.