This is exactly what the issue was. I figured it out this afternoon and haven't had a chance to come back and post it. After almost a whole month goes by and I stumbled across an email that was in my inbox I had moved to a folder and for some odd reason checked that folder from the iPhone. That is when I new there was something a little strange and that all phone settings were correct.
I created a new folder to move the inbox items into, moved all the emails via Outlook. The phone seemed to still be trying to retrieve 1 email. I logged into the web mail and could see one email. I contacted Go Daddy to try and get it removed because I could not. He put me on hold and reset the sync options on IMAP. I sent 2 test emails from two separate accounts and got them on the phone, web mail, and Outlook. I moved all emails back into the Inbox and sent myself one more test email from a separate account. Everything seems to be functioning again!!!
Long story short, there was an email from April 12 that the phone was trying to retrieve and it couldn't. Both mail programs on my computer looked right past it. Got rid of that email and had the sync options reset by my email provider and all is good.
I hope this helps someone else out there. It was a major headache to learn it was a stuck email!