So reading back 2 pages I see a few people posted solutions. (Some of the later ideas in this post (#7,8) are the simpler ones.)
1) Go to system preferences... Dock... and turn off 'hide dock" (I'm paraphrasing the preferences page). Also turn off "click title bar to minimize." With these off, the dock stays on top. And to max a window (keep menu on top) instead of fullscreen (remove everything) clicking the title bar now maximizes the window. This is piperoons and bob's.
2) In a few applications under the View menu is a setting to "show menu" that keeps the menu on top. So it's not in the mac settings directly for some mac programs, but in the menu itself (that lets you keep the menu visible).
3) There's a toggle for turning on and off visibly of the dock on the dock itself, by right clicking on the black bar to the left of the trash can (or near that black bar).
4) Control-command-F turns on and off fullscreen. But it doesn't go to maximize like a Windows user would expect. Instead it goes to that in between state that the dash button (yellow on a mac), where you have to re-size the windows to close to fullsize.
5) Bob's postings a few pages back also talk about some applications he's found.
6) In windows the equivalent to get to fullscreen is F11. Otherwise everything is "always" on top in most applications or all of them. Macs are using that fullscreen as default and making it less than obvious how to go back to a maximize state.
7) Option-click on the green fullscreen, changes it to a max function instead, Bob points out.
8) Csound has a screen shot that you can toggle on and off showing the menu bar, from the General page of System preferences. I didn't see that option on our macs, but will look again.
Thank you very much to the people who posted actual ideas.
To the people who were unwelcoming, I've made a mental note that this may show up with Mac users having an attitude at new users or windows users, and to ignore and look for the "normal" people instead. It's like you've got a persecution complex and have to justify your attachment to Macs. I have news for you, if someone bought a mac and is new, they've already been converted. Accusing people of being "windows users" because they want to do something is just RUDE.