I have had the same problem.
I own a late 2013 MacBook Pro with Retina Display and was struggling with wifi issues.
I think I've solved it.
The symptoms were always pointing towards my Airport Extreme (old, only one antenna); I had no troubles in my office or other wifi networks. Also, when switching the base station to a 5GHz only setting, it would work with no hitches.
Trying to trouble shoot it, I brought an old Linksys wifi router and set it up as a repeater of my main network (it has DD-WRT and I gave it the same SSID and password of my main network). This router is 802.11G only.
The thing is and this is where I start to get lost, the Linksys only worked like twice before it forgot all the settings. It sits unplugged besides the Airport Extreme BUT my MacBook has had no troubles connecting to my main network ever since. I believe it could be a plist or something that got modified in my Mac or something like that and it probably has something to do with it having an 802.11AC wifi card.
I would recommend anyone with this problem and similar setup (using an old Airport mostly in N+G setting or similar) and symptoms (only have problems in one network) to try using an old router (borrow one, buy one used for pennies, probably a good idea if it's a G only router) to see if it helps.
Also, if anyone has any idea how this might have fixed my issue or if it might only be a temporal fix to chime in and try to enlighten us.
I'll try to answer questions that arise concerning this "solution"
Regards