I have a 2.7 GHz Retina MBP running Lion (10.7.4). There is an annoying amount of lag in scrolling, not just in Safari (Version 6.0 7536.25), but also in Firefox (14.0.1) and Chrome (21.0.1180.89). I also encounter lag when swiping between full-screen apps and with the animation of entering/exiting Mission Control.
I'm running at the "Scaled: More Space" display setting, which seems to be a bit slower than the "Best (Retina)" setting. But given that it's this setting that offers me the most "virtual pixels", I use it.
I suspect that the lag has not much to do with the web page content, but it's really the hardware+OS that's not fast enough for that many pixels. Maybe Apple was able to somewhat improve performance with Mountain Lion, but I suspect they can't do much. It might just be too many pixels for the hardware.
I had a 2.8 GHz Core 2 Duo MBP before, with Leopard, and never encountered so much lag. It's truly painful to upgrade to a brand new Mac after about 3 years and get a much worse perceptible performance than before.
That said, the Retina display looks awesome. But, I'd wait buying a Retina MBP until they release a new MBP that is powerful enough to drive it at an acceptable speed.
Also: I truly hope Apple will soon allow setting the display resolution directly (1:1 scaling, giving applications all 2880x1800 pixels): this would probably be faster (the OS wouldn't have to scale, not even at the currently "best" 1:2 factor) and would allow me to fit even more text/GUI on the screen (of course the text and GUI elements would become rather small, but that's ok).