I thought Apple had set the bar on apps being open without major consumption.
That's not possible. Some apps need more resources than others, and a poorly-coded app may require lots more resources than it needs. Apple cannot be the quality control police for all the apps out there... they get enough flak already for closed systems without trying to take on that unmanageable task!
Battery life depends heavily on what tasks you are doing. I can easily get 6 hours out of a 2-year-old battery in Mountain Lion as long as I don't do certain things. If I decide to fire up something like Portal 2, though, I can't gamble on making it more than maybe 2 hours. Things like that are very demanding of power, for good reason.
Any time there is an upgrade, some existing software will be incompatible with the new system in various ways. Sometimes that can result in reduced battery life. There are many, many possibilities that don't involve bugs in the system. Unfortunately, on long topics like the one you have referred to, there are just a lot of arguing and me-too posts blaming the issue on a bug, and very little of productive value. Once a thread gets past 5-10 pages long, most of the knowledgeable regulars here will consider it to be nothing but a rant thread and will simply never look at it. This one looks like it's heading in that direction, unfortunately.
I know that you have said that you "tried everything" to solve your battery problems, but I doubt that that is literally true. "Everything" would include erasing the hard drive and doing a clean reinstall of the system, and not installing any third-party software until after it has been thoroughly tested. If, after doing that, you still have reduced battery life, there's some kind of hardware problem involved, possibly a dying battery.