Since the patch I set up my internal server to match what the initial Autodiscovery feature found, and then unchecked the box so that it didn't switch. When I called GoDaddy they were unable to tell me what server I was on, or should be on - the tech told me that he kept getting a blank response when trying to determine what host server I was actually using, so he suggested not using autodiscover.
I have not had any problems since setting both of my computers up this way. As others who spoke to Apple directly would attest, this particular thread was instrumental in researching the problem and putting out the patch. I know it hasn't been 100% successful, but I hope that they will get there.
Even though Apple doesn't (ever) admit fault, it seems that they do recognize when something needs to change and they do silently listen to affected users and take corrective action. It's what I love and hate about them.
Thank you to everyone who posted suggestions, workarounds, theories, rants, raves, and educated and uneducated bashings. These forums do make a difference.