A lot of my CPU usage is from mdworker which indexes files for Spotlight. I have a lot of numerical data I don't want indexed. Spotlight can be set not to index hard drive volumes or directores.
System Preferences --> Spotlight --> Privacy --> +
Add the directories or drives you don't want indexed with the "+" button.
Here is how you can find what is being indexed:
http://tumblr.amitgupta.com/post/262471673/stopping-runaway-cpu-usage-by-mds-mdw orker-and
My Spotlight is busy indexing data I have imported from a backup drive. I can either wait for it to finish with the power connected, or add the directory to the Privacy list in System Preferences for Spotlight.
I have to do this when I import large amounts of numerical data. I see the mdworker processes load the CPU on the Activity Monitor when I restore a backup.