You have this issue with chrome because chrome is using the external graphics, too.
I pray Mavericks will fix this bug, hopefully they will release it today. 😉
There exists a workaround: beforce shutting down your Mac, untick "automatically switch external graphics" in system preferences, energy savings. After reboot, tick it again. Until next reboot, error is gone.
I wrote a little Apple Script, doing this automatically. You just have to run it manually beforce shutting down and put it in autostart for running automatically after reboot / login.
tell application "System Preferences"
activate
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.energysaver"
tell application "System Events"
tell process "Systemeinstellungen"
tell window "Energie sparen"
tell group 1
tell checkbox 1
click
end tell
end tell
end tell
end tell
end tell
quit
end tell
quit