It sounds like the 'da stoopid' is buring out of control at your school ("Let's s start a developemt class and disallow development tools!") and I doubt this will help but you can try.
Here's Apple's getting started guide:
"When you develop apps, you use the iOS software development kit (SDK) and Xcode, Apple’s integrated development environment (IDE). Xcode provides everything you need to create great apps for iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad. It includes a source editor, a graphical user interface editor, and many other features. Xcode employs a single window, called the workspace window, that presents most of the tools you need to develop apps. Within this window you smoothly transition from writing code, to debugging, to designing your user interface. The iOS SDK extends the Xcode toolset to include the tools, compilers, and frameworks you need specifically for iOS."
https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#referencelibrary/GettingStarted/RoadMap iOS/chapters/GetToolsandInstall.html
You could argue that Xcode is the only place to get the simulator to run sample code on, but this argument is so far down the list of obvious reasons that it boggles the mind.
I think the best question is "If not Xcode then what?" because there is no answer to that.
Good luck,
=Tod
PS Note that you will need at least one developer account to actually run code on hardware. You can run code in the simulator in Xcode but to test on hardware you need a developer account.