In my case, "Exchange"-based Contacts/Mail/Calendars caused my battery-drain problems (about 15% of battery life every hour with the screen locked and no apps in the activity bar.)
Here's what worked in my case. In Settings:Mail/Contacts/Calendar, I toggled Mail, Contacts, and Calendars to Off for each of my Exchage-based accounts. I made no changes to my regular, non Exchange, accounts. Using the System Status app (which I purchased just to diagnose this power problem), I was able to quickly confirm that the CPU usage dropped from 50-70% (Avg Load from 1.5 to 2.9) to a more reasonable ~4% (Avg Load ~0.4). You might be able to tell just from the phone temperature. Happily, after I turned the Contacts for the Exchanged-based Accounts back on, my phone's CPU usage is staying reasonable.
Background: while debugging this, I had the advantage of having two identical iPhone 4S'es, one at IOS 6, and the other still at IOS 5.x. So I knew that my idle IOS6 phone was consuming power many (10-20?) times faster than my IOS5 phone. In airplane mode or with both cellular and wifi data off, both phones were draining a similar amount, so the problem had something to do with transferring data. After doing an iTunes restore without allowing my apps to be loaded (except a few), I was pretty sure it wasn't one of my personally loaded apps. I was also pretty confident that it wasn't any location-based services because I had shut most of those down. IIRC, I think I had tried toggling Push to off in Settings:Mail,Contacts,Calendar, but I don't think it had an effect, though I would have expected it to. Maybe I did something wrong. Anyhow, turning the Exchange-based accounts off seemed to do the trick, and after turning them back on, I seem to be up and running w/o excessive battery drain.
For those of you who have Exchange accounts, something to try.