See earlier posts regarding 10.8.2 and the recent additional "software update" for the Retina MBPs which has no number associated with it.
In some cases, apparently, installing 10.8.2 cleanly can cause the HDMI problem, and in others it can cure it. The same thing applies to the addtional "software update"--I don't know exactly what that update does.
In any case, all I know to do is to find and delete all Windowserver plist files (however much extra stuff may be in the file name) in the root Library Preferences, and in your user Library Preferences and User Library Preferences/ByHost directories. Some people have two such files, some several files. Once they are put in the trash, reboot the computer, and try doing a PRAM reset on that reboot.
If that doesn't work, then the problem is related to something else, and I don't have a solution to it. You will have to call AppleCare, maybe spend $50 for the incident if not still covered, let them gather information from your computer, send it to their engineers, and get back to you with an answer. It's a painful process, but the one thing I have learned from AppleCare is that they don't consider the incident closed until the problem is solved.
I appreciate that some here have given me "ownership" of this thread, and I am humbled by it. The sad truth is that I really have no technical expertise beyond what AppleCare has told me, and in this case am the proverbial "one trick pony" who only knows the Windowserver Plist file solution. :-)