That's certainly odd... the activation being lost could have been a carrier issue or iOS software issue...
Was the phone already working and activated prior to this issue?
You may be stuck with having to restore...
By default iTunes or iCloud (whichever you have designated) will back up your content and settings... Content wise remember it's still always in iTunes even if you remove it from the phone...
If a back up was performed prior to you have this issue (either by iTunes or iCloud) then performing the restore will take a bit but wont cause you to loose anything as after the restore is completed iTunes will ask if you want to restore from a back up or set up as a new device... choose the restore from back up option and choose the most recent back up listed and it will then restore all your settings and content...
Keep in mind this will only be ture IF a back up has recently been saved in iTunes or iCloud...
In iTunes it's easy to tell... open iTunes and go to prefferences... go to the devices tab and it will tell you the device and last date/time of last back up...
Unfortunately I'm not aware of how to check to when the last iCloud backup was performed UNLESS you happen to have another iOS device already... another iPhone or iPad for example...
If you do, then on that other iOS device... goto Settings > General > Manage Storage (under the iCloud section) and it will show you any iCloud back ups youve done with any devices