Run Console to check the recent logs for more details (look for com.apple.installd).
In example, I had something like:
com.apple.launchd[1]: (com.apple.installd[69518]) Job appears to have crashed: Abort trap: 6
ReportCrash[69520]: Saved crash report for installd[69518] version 332 to /Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports/installd_2014*.crash
And when checked backtrace under System Diagnostic Reports, there is something like:
Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '*** -[NSKeyedUnarchiver initForReadingWithData:]: incomprehensible archive
So it's possible that update files were corrupted. Try to remove these files and re-try again.
See: https://discussions.apple.com/thread/4234582
From Terminal check if you've temporary files here:
ls -la /private/var/folders/*/*/*/com.apple.appstore
And then try to remove them (you may backup them first just in case):
rm -frv /private/var/folders/*/*/*/com.apple.appstore
Or eventually run Finder and go to: /private/var/folders and Trash all the folders (if something bad happens, restore it from your Trash).
And re-try again.
Removing all the folders from /private/var/folders it actually fixed the problem on my laptop.