No problem. If you sync your computer with your iCloud account, you can sync iCloud email, contacts, calendars and tasks with Outlook 2007 or higher; as well as your bookmarks with internet explorer and your photo stream photos. This will keep this data on your phone in sync with your computer. This guide shows how to set this up: http://www.apple.com/icloud/setup/pc.html.
To enable photo stream, go to Settings>iCloud on your phone and turn it on. After that, when you take a photo on your phone, the next time it is connected to wifi with the camera app closed and has at least 20% battery life remaining, it will upload the photo to photo stream and the photo will be streamed to your computer if you are syncing it with your iCloud account.
Music is only synced with iCloud if you subscribe to iTunes Match. If you do, the music in your iTunes library (up to 25,000 songs) on your computer will be made available to download to your phone over iCloud without having to sync or store it on your phone.
You can also automatically back up your device to iCloud every 24 hours when it is connected to wifi and your charger. To enable this, go to Settings>iCloud>Storage & Backup and turn it on at the bottom.