I was having the same problem over the last few days. I was tryng to install a Seagate 1TB Solid State Hybrid Drive SATA 6Gbps 64MB Cache 2.5-Inch to replace a 500GB drive in my early 2011 MBP .
First, I had a problem with the drive not being recognized by the computer when plugged in via USB. I originally purchased a NexStar TX to do the data transfer, but even with the Y connector it was not getting enough power to boot the drive (it would just turn and make some minor noises). I eneded up getting a self powered USB to STAT cable and that solved the first problem.
The next problem was that while I was able to formatting and clone the drive using disk utilities, and I was able to boot the computer with the new drive from the USB, once i transfered it inside, it no longer worked. What was weird is that the original drive would boot just fine when installed inside or outside, which led me to believe that the cable was just fine.
To make a long story short, i ended up placing the original drive in the USB and the new drive inside. I booted up from the original through USB. Once runing the computer on the old drive through USB, the computer would see the new drive, but would not recognize what was on it, even though it did recognize it when the new drive was in the USB.
So what i did was keep the new drive inside the computer and start from the OS X Recovery System (Press Command-R during startup). From there i used disk utilities to reformat the drive with 1 partition with the setting: Format - MAC OS (Extended); options GUID Partition Table. I had done this previously with the drive three times and the drive whould not boot when placed inside. The difference from before was that now i had the new drive inside and was boot from the original hard drive outside vis USB.
Next I restored the data from the original drive into the new drive.
Once done creating the new clone verion, i booted the computer again and pressed "option". This time i was able to see both drives.
Next i just truned of fthe computer, unplugged the original drive from the USB port and when i restarted normally, the computer boot just finr from the new drive.
Not sure why this worked, but after three days trying everything else with no avail, it the issue solved itselv with this process. Hopefuly it helps some one out.